epidemiologia e saude 7 edicao pdf download gratis

#Epidemiologia e saude 7 edicao pdf download gratis software

The cartographic projection corresponds to the SIRGAS 2000 Universal Reference System, and the georeferenced data were analysed by the TerraView software (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, INPE, SP, BR, Version 4.2.2) and QGIS (Open Source Geospatial Foundation, OSGeo, CHI, US, Version 2.18.2). In this sense, the objective of the study was to analyse the spatial and temporal dynamics of TB in the area of social inequality in northeast Brazil between the years 20.įor construction of the spatial analysis maps, we used the cartographic base of the state of Sergipe, available in the electronic database of the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). The impacts on the health of the population and the frailties faced in the prevention and control of TB also justify the relevance of investigations.

The maintenance of high rates and having practically all the territory affected by the disease motivated us to study this region. Sergipe, an area located in northeast Brazil, presents a high incidence rate, a fact that worries us as researchers of the subject. In addition, the use of geoprocessing techniques with geographic information systems (GIS) combined with spatial statistics allows for the incorporation of distinct variables, especially demographic and social variables, in health studies, making it possible to generate hypotheses regarding the transmission of diseases in different populations. Studies of this nature can predict the probability of events based on continuous data streams. The use of database helps studies that intend to analyse the manifestation of the disease over time.

Spatial and temporal approaches help to better understand the distribution, dynamics and risk of diseases, especially TB and its variations over time. It is critical that information about the operational and clinical characteristics of TB are disseminated in order to understand the extent and severity of the disease and its impact on public health. All these factors contribute significantly to the high morbidity and mortality rates of patients. The probability of an infected person developing the disease depends on several factors, including social determinants, socioeconomic characteristics and coinfection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which are risk factors in the epidemiological chain of TB transmission, infection and dissemination. In 2018, the country presented an incidence rate of 33.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and Sergipe, with an incidence rate of 28.8/100,000, had the fourth highest incidence rate of TB in the northeast region, despite the global reduction target of 10/100,000 inhabitants as a strategy for eliminating the disease. However, Brazil is also considered an endemic country for TB. The highest incidence rates were reported on the Asian and African continents. In the world, it is estimated that 10.4 million people became ill with TB in 2015. However, TB remains on the horizon of public health, mainly due to its persistence and high rates in communities living in poverty and on the margins of social exclusion. īrazil has been undergoing a process of epidemiological transition, with the increase of chronic and non-transmissible diseases and the reduction of infectious and parasitic diseases. TB is still a serious global public health problem, and it is in the top 10 causes of mortality in underdeveloped countries. It is a disease known worldwide for its vulnerability, magnitude and morbidity factors. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by an intracellular pathogen called Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Epidemiologia e saude 7 edicao pdf download gratis